December 9, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
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Rajasthan, with its enchanting heritage, culture and art has mesmerized the world for centuries. Interestingly, Rajasthan has now also started featuring prominently on the list of an entirely new set of people, the investor community. Gateway to the large markets in north and the west India, today, Rajasthan is one of the rapidly growing economies in India.
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November 21, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
The vast Indo-Gangetic Plain, extending from Punjab to Assam, is most intensively farmed zone of the world. Since independence contribution of agriculture to GDP has seen a decline, even after the green revolution. Our economic security concerns still depend upon agriculture as still 58% of the population is dependent on Agriculture compared to 75% at the time of independence. Around 51% of Indias geographical area is already under cultivation as compared to 11% of the world average. India leads the world in production of a few agriculture commodities. It is the largest producer in the world of milk, cashew nuts, coconut, tea, ginger, turmeric and black pepper. It is the second largest producer of wheat, rice, sugar, groundnut and inland fish. It is the third largest producer of tobacco. India accounts for 10 per cent of the world’s fruit production, ranking first in production of banana and sapota. The total food production in India is likely to double in the next ten years and there is an opportunity for large investments in food processing technologies, skills and equipment, especially in areas of Canning, Dairy and Food Processing, Specialty Processing, Packaging, Frozen Food/Refrigeration and Thermo Processing, Fruits & Vegetables, Fisheries, Milk & Milk Products, Meat & Poultry, Packaged/Convenience Foods, vegetable production, organic farming ,agriculture waste management,vermi-compost,production of Alcoholic Beverages & Soft Drinks and Grains are important sub-sectors of the food processing industry.
The potential that the country has is yet to be exploited for best output . If we look at it as livelihood activity we find 50 percent of the population contributing only 17% of the GDP. The agriculture growth is less than the growth of the economy. In spite of having good percentage of fertile soil, average yield in India is about 30% to 50% than that of world. So what are the factors that Govt. agencies and NGOs need to look at before implementing agro based livelihood projects?
UN establishes that India needs to do resource mobilization, improve project management and implementation in rural areas. Like providing advanced farming skills to farmers, irrigation facilities to overcome water shortage, proper storage facilities, better market linkages and high value for the produce, improve availability of high-yield varieties of seeds and advanced research and development should be done to improve per-hectare yield of crops in India. The govt. and research institutes are working on stem cell research, nanotechnology to improve the yield but our nation is much dependent on the monsoon and major areas of the country are facing severe droughts.
Despite various schemes like Gramin Bhandaran Yojna, Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, National Food Security Mission, National Horticulture Mission etc. and increased grant allocation from Rs 5560.00 crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 20208.00 crore in 2012-13 still everyday there are news of farmer suicides and why not when farmers earn merely Rs 1500 per month. Efforts should be made by Government, Donors, CSR organizations, NGOs to increase their income by enhancing their skills in modern agricultural techniques and practices which would increase the yield, contract farming, group farming, cooperatives, multi cropping techniques, production of cash crops, credit facilities etc. should be promoted so that the risks can be mitigated and their standard of living can be improved. Packaging and marketing of the produce should be the priority. One Block One Product is an efficient way to promote produces at national and international level. The ambitious project of connecting the major rivers should be implemented before its too late. With all these efforts we hope that the present situation gets better and the Agriculture sector gets revamped.
November 6, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
CII today organized a Seminar on Reforms in the APMC (Agricultural Produce Market Committee) Act , and its impact in the Southern States. This is an initiative of the Agri Business Sub-Committee, CII-Southern Region. Speaking at the occasion, Mr. Shankarlal Guru, Chairman-International Society for Agricultural Marketing said Agricultural sector is in urgent need of reforms by the respective State governments to help drive the economy to a higher growth rate that is expected by the policy makers, but a comprehensive agenda for reforms in this crucial sector is yet to emerge. Hence, the need for Agriculture to be made a central subject and not a state subject, thus alienating it from politics, said Mr. Guru. Contract farming should be encouraged as it will help bring technology and modern practices into the agriculture sector – opined Mr. Guru.
The APMC Act in each state of India requires all agricultural products to be sold only in government – regulated markets. These markets impose substantial taxes on buyers, in addition to commissions and fees taken by middlemen, but typically provide little service in areas such as price discovery, grading or inspection. A key impact of this regulation is the inability of private sector processors and retailers to integrate their enterprises directly with farmers or other sellers, eliminating middlemen in the process. Farmers also are unable to legally enter into contracts with buyers. This leaves no incentives for farmers to upgrade, and inhibits private and foreign investments in the food process sector.
Also addressing the audience was Mr. Sivakumar, Chairman Agri Business Sub-Committee, CII-Southern Region and Chief Executive – Agri, ITC Ltd. Said that Agri business in India is at a transition point. Having sailed through the shortage economy to an economy with surplus in grains, it is important that Governments at the Centre and State recognize the need for inclusive growth to take agriculture forward in India. Setting the context for the day’s discussion, Mr. Sivakumar emphasized that in spite of employing about 57% of the population of the country, agriculture on contributes 27% to the GDP of India. This distortion makes agriculture not a lucrative employment generator and hence, keeping with the global view, India needs to carve out opportunities in agri-exports sector. Contract farming and direct marketing to retail chains and processing units are the need of the hour he said.
Regulations to keep pace with these needs are required, which need alternative marketing mechanisms. Hence, reforms in the APMC Act are recommended in various fields, he added.
Making a presentation on “Aligning State Policies with emerging new marketing models”, Prof. S Raghunath from the Indian Institute of Management-Bangalore, emphasized the need for an effective and efficient distribution system for agri-produce and provision for supply-demand transparency. Since the main objective of the APMC Act was to prevent exploitation of farmers by various intermediaries, reforms were required in the Act, with changing face of agriculture and the agricultural supply chain, opined Prof Raghunath. India is the largest producer of vegetable in the world, with a total share of 15% of global produce. 8% of world’s fruits are produced in India, ranking it second in the world market. In spite of this, there is a high cumulative wastage of 40% in India, informed Prof. Raghunath. Inadequate infrastructure and lack of organized supply chain were the main cause for such a disparity, he said. Thus, reforms in this sector need to catch up with the pace of development in the economy and dis-intermediation and participation of organized players in the sector will remove the lacunae, opined Prof. Raghunath.
Centre asks states to amend APMC Act
In a move to allow farmers to directly sell their produce to industry, contract farming and setting up of competitive markets in private and cooperative sector, the Centre has asked the state government to amend the Agricultural Produce Marketing Act.
Under the present Act, the processing industry cannot buy directly from farmers. The farmer is also restricted from entering into direct contract with any manufacturer because the produce is required to be canalised through regulated markets. These restrictions are acting as a disincentive to farmers, trade and industries.
The government has recently approved a central sector scheme titled Development/strengthening of agricultural marketing infrastructure, grading and standardisation.
Under the scheme, credit linked investment subsidy shall be provided on the capital cost of general or commodity specific infrastructure for marketing of agricultural commodities and for strengthening and modernisation of existing agricultural markets, wholesale, rural periodic or in tribal areas.
The scheme is linked to reforms in state law dealing with agricultural markets (APMC Act). Assistance under the new scheme will be provided in those states that amend the APMC Act.
The Centre has asked the state governments to inform as to whether necessary amendments to the APMC Act have been carried out, in order to notify the reforming states for applicability of the scheme.
Along with the Centre, the industry is also interested in the amendment to the APMC Act as it restricts the growth of trade in agricultural commodities.
The policy regime pertaining to internal trade is particularly restrictive. The agricultural sector continues to be hamstrung by a plethora of controls, which were introduced during the era of shortages, said the PHDCCI.
Meanwhile, a decentralised system of procuring wheat and rice would make the Public Distribution System more cost effective, the government has said.
November 3, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
Cracking a competitive exam turns easy when you are provided with right study materials on right time. This on the other hand is failed to be achieved by millions of students appearing for various competitive exams of banks, civil services, IBPS, TOEFL or other government examinations. In the syllabus of public services examinations, questions on physical geography of india and agriculture gk form a vital part of examinations.
Physical Geography of India
Geography is one of the main electives that are selected by a large number of students to crack the exams. There are two patterns of questions that are asked in physical geography question paper. First, multiple choice questions (MCQs) and other includes descriptive questions that are answered in passages. For MCQs on physical geography of india accuracy matters the most while for the latter conciseness and knowledge. The same applies for agriculture gk as well. GK and Agricultural questions are prepared as per various difficulty levels.
Questions on Agriculture GK
General knowledge on agricultural issues covers all major issues of forests, soils, trees, rivers, earth, crops, fertilizers etc. Again the questions are classified into two categories of objective and descriptive type questions.
Natural Regions of India
Natural Regions of India cover large and small geographical regions including The Himalayas, Sutlej-Ganga plains, Eastern and Western Ghat plains, tundra region, warm-temperate zones.
Climate
Climate is the most vital part of physical geography of india that questions are asked compulsorily in multiple choice and descriptive questions. Climate covers major questions of equator distances, ocean currents, land slopes, mountain directors, soil nature, composition, testing, and fertility.
Questions on Planning in Indian Economy
Questions on planning in indian economy cover working methodologies of Planning Commission of India. Five-Year Plans, Per Capita Income, Agricultural Produce, Taxation and many such other topics. The questions comprise both MCQs and descriptive questions. The attendants are to answer both with the firm focus on accuracy and conciseness of the topic. Students can be asked any kind of questions from lower difficulty level to higher difficulty level in both descriptive and MCQs.
Five Year Plans
Questions on five year plans are must. These form majority share on Indian economy and world economy as well. Sometimes you might be given a passage and you have to read, comprehend and write the answer of questions provided below the passage.
How to Prepare for Planning in Indian Economy
Obtain full knowledge (Basic and Advanced) then read it with regular practice. Once you have full knowledge over it take online tests and assess your knowledge on the same.
October 31, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
India is primarily an agriculture country dating back to more than ten thousand years. Today, India ranks the second largest in agricultural output worldwide. Agriculture contributes approximately 33 percent of the Gross Domestic Product and round about 70 percent of Indian population is engaged in agriculture sector. Most of the agricultural outputs including wheat, tea, coffee, cotton etc are exported to foreign countries contributing about 8.56 percent of India?s exports. About 43 per cent of geographical land is used for agricultural activity. India accounts world?s number one country in sugarcane and stood second rank in rice output.
Modern Agricultural Techniques:
With years of practice in agriculture there have been new inventions and modern techniques adopted by farmers in agriculture To spread and encourage knowledge of agriculture among the youth generation, government has even launched new programmes and courses with specialization in agriculture Modern Agricultural comprises of improved farming techniques and the using of irrigation and high-yield grains resulting into increased production. The main drawback is being the inadequate monsoon, which accounts a crucial role in influencing agricultural production in India since most of the cropped area even now does not have any assured irrigation. Although measures are being undertaken by government authorities to eradicate the inadequacy of monsoon by introducing water dams and river project for effective irrigation.
In fact, India is facing the biggest challenge of producing enough food grains to cater the increasing population of India. Hence measures are been taken to expand farmland area and with quality grains the farmers are now able to produce double output in the same amount of land.
Farmers have adopted modern improved irrigation techniques that have the potential to increase agricultural production with improved farming techniques in areas that rely on monsoon also could improve yield. Moreover, improving the use of fertilizer, especially on rain fed land, also would help to increase the production. Government of India is trying a variety of plans and strategies with sophisticated water management techniques replacing the traditional farming practices.