Role Of Gramin Banks In Indian Rural Development

INTRODUCTION:

The Gramin Banks are the banks which are set up mainly for the purpose of serving the rural areas. The word “Gramin” in Hindi means village or rural area. These banks are also under the control of India’s central bank “The Reserve bank of India.”

POPULAR GRAMIN BANKS:

There are many Gramin banks all over India. A few of them are:
1. Andhra Pradesh Gramin Vikas Bank
2. Rushkuliya Bank
3. Utkal Bank
4. Assam Gramin Bank
5. Arunachal Pradesh Rural Bank
6. Chaitanya Godavari Bank
7. Deccan Gramin Bank
8. Saptagiri Bank
9. Andhra Pragathi Bank
10. Langpi Rural Bank
11. Uttar Bihar Bank
12. Madhya Bihar Bank

SERVICES OFFERED BY GRAMIN BANKS:

Some of the services offered by most of the gramin banks are:
1. Issue of Gramin Pay Order (Multi City Cheques).
2. Lockers facility.
3. Demand Drafts and Cheques Purchase facility.
4. Collection of outstation cheques.
5. Issue of solvency certificates.
6. Issue of Bank Guarantees.

LOANS GIVEN BY GRAMIN BANKS:

The types of loans given by Gramin Banks are:
1. Crop Loans (Agricultural cash credits).
2. Poultry Vikas (Loans for Broiler Contract Farming).
3. Grameena Gruha Vika (Rural Housing Loans).
4. Agricultural Purpose Credit Card.
5. House Building loans to Public.
6. Personal Loans as a Mortgage of Immovable property.
7. Financing of Matured SHGs for farm production.
8. Loans to senior citizens and Pensioners.
9. Vehicle Loans.
10. Dairy Loans(for Dairy farming).
11. Farm Mechanization and Tractor Loans for farmers.
12. Mortgage Loans to facilitate Industry, Trade and Services Sector in rural areas.
The crop loans are given on furnishing to the bank a copy of the documents of the land possessed by the farmer on which he is going to cultivate. The rates of interest will be low and certain allowances like: to pay the loan back after sale of crops, etc., are given to the farmers.
In the same way the loans are also given specially for the purchase of tractors and other machinery needed for cultivation.
There are also loans given specially for poultry farming, dairy-farming, rural housing, small-scale industries and cottage industries.
Here the schemes and rates of interest of loans are specially formulated for the purpose of the above. The term of loan, rates of interest and documents needed for getting the loan sanctioned are all set as per the purpose.

RURAL SERVICES:

The Gramin banks are specially set up for helping and uplifting the rural areas. These banks set up their branches in many of the villages as per the need. Banks are set up in the most remote areas and are provided with internet and computerization to keep the records regularly updated. With this, the time needed for a person from a village to go to a bank in a city far off from his place for his needs is reduced. Even the fare for the journey is saved. In this way rural banks cater to the needs of the villagers by offering them services at their doorstep.

The Gramin banks also give Gold Loans, i.e., money in exchange for gold.
The Gramin banks give special support to the Self help Groups of the villages too. The self-help groups are usually set up by a group of men or women in a village who prepare goods and some food items on a small scale and sell them in the market. The required monetary help for the raw materials for these self-help groups is given by the these banks.

CONCLUSION:

Thus, Gramin banks are an integral part for the growth of agricultural sector and rural areas. They Indian Government has introduced a large number of schemes through these banks for the equitable development of the nation.
Gramin banks play an important role in India’s rural development. Being a government owned public sector bank, it also provides employment opportunities with job security for people in rural areas.

Battle of the Boards, ICSE Board Schools vs. CBSE Board Schools

Picking the best board schools for a kid leaves most parents in jitters. Since the right education system plays a substantial role in building up a child’s career goals and achievements, it is extremely essential that every parent should think twice before making any enrolment. Even a minor mistake in the selection of board schools can ruin a kid’s life forever. So, the most eerie question arises is – which board school is better for a child, ICSE or CBSE? And the answer is, though both the boards are self-financing educational institutions but they have a different syllabus, education pattern and examinations. Thus, one should understand the system first and then make any verdict. Parents should not blunder by clubbing them together. This article will help you realize the difference between ICSE board schools and CBSE board schools in India precisely.

CBSE board schools: CBSE (Central Board of secondary Education) board is highly popular in India because its education pattern is the oldest. Moreover, if by chance your child decides to travel abroad, they will have no issues in higher studies due to the number of CBSE pattern schools found there. When it comes to score good grades in any national level examinations such as engineering and medical field, selecting CBSE board schools will be the ideal option because it focuses more on maths and science subjects. The exceptional thing about the CBSE board schools in India is that the professors are highly experienced and skilled. They work vigorously in finding the young talents. Moreover, all the major competitive examinations like IIT-JEE – Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Examination, AIEEE – All India Engineering Entrance Examination, AIPMT – All India Pre Medical Test in India are based on the CBSE syllabus. CBSE approves both the languages – Hindi and English. CBSE board school in India permits regular students as well as private candidates from non-affiliated schools to appear in exams.

ICSE Board Schools ICSE (Indian Certificate of Secondary Education) board syllabus is comprehensive and gives equal importance to every field – science, maths, languages, arts, home science, cookery, fashion design and agriculture. This board focuses more in offering practical knowledge to the students so that they can gain better knowledge understanding of subject and learn better analytic skills. The good thing about the ICSE schools is that the students can choose different subjects as per their interests. Students who desire to pursue their career in the management streams should opt for ICSE board schools because its subjects and methodology are designed in that manner. ICSE board schools do not recommend Hindi language. The certificates provided by the ICSE board are globally valid. Thus, if your child desires to complete his/her education in any foreign country, most foreign education system will accept his certificates. The common but the great factor between the CBSE and ICSE board is that both provides excellent quality education to their students.

Popular Engineering Courses in India Agriculture Engineering

Agricultural Engineers execute engineering science in all tasks related to horticulture and agriculture. Job of an agricultural engineer include the activities such as improvement in farm machinery, rural electrification, new technologies, designs, farm structures, bio-gas, conservation of soil, improving the quality of agricultural products and preserving the water resources. Engineers also look after the technical functioning of all agricultural related activities. Students who study agricultural engineering courses may use their information of agricultural systems and biological function in increasing the productivity of food and other agriculture products and to keep the environment safe at the same time.

Eligibility for Gaining Admission in Top Agriculture Engineering Courses of India

Top engineering colleges in India provide specialize course of agriculture engineering from where students can pursue B.E/ B.Tech bachelor degree courses or diploma in agriculture engineering courses. To become qualified agriculture engineer one can take admission in agricultural engineering colleges after 12th examination with subjects like Mathematics, Biology, Physics, and Chemistry. Agricultural courses are available at two levels, students can either take admission in agricultural engineering schools and can pursue bachelor degree courses, or they can pursue post graduate degree courses in agriculture. Diploma courses are also available in college of agricultural engineering or polytechnics.

Selection Basis among Best Agricultural Engineering Colleges of India

Selection in agricultural courses depends on the following points:

1.Marks secured in the final examination of 10+2 with science subjects

2.Entrance exams done on the state and national level

Duration of Agricultural Engineering in India

Graduation (BE / B.Tech) in agricultural courses are of four years duration however, diploma in agriculture courses is of 2-3 years duration. The agriculture courses cover agriculture sciences, Soil conservation, irrigation practices, drainage method, firm machinery, agriculture sciences, dairy engineering etc.

Top Agricultural Engineering Institutes in India

The best Agricultural Engineering Colleges in India are listed below:

Indian Institute of Technology (New Delhi, Mumbai, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, and Chennai)

Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi

Global Institute of Intellectual Property, Delhi

Faculty of Engineering and Technology, New Delhi

T V B School of Habitat Studies, New Delhi

Vastu Kala Academy, New Delhi

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

Employment Opportunities after Completing Agricultural Engineering from Top Engineering Institutes of India

Agriculture Engineering is considered as the good career opportunity which includes equipment research and design, product engineering, environmental consulting, facilities design, and engineering management. Companies where agriculture engineers can find professional opportunities are minor irrigation corporation, National Seed Corporation of India, National Diary Development Board, Agriculture Research Organization, Food Corporation of India, Agriculture University, agro industry, Nationalized Bank, Diary and food industries, Agriculture machinery manufacturing organization, tea gardens etc. Students who are pursuing Agriculture Engineering can consider that job in fields of engineering are available in huge number. Agriculture engineering students can find employment in given areas:

Government Sector such as municipal corporations, railways, and telecommunications departments, etc.

Private companies

Public Sector organisations

Research organisations and laboratories

As commissioned officers in the defence services

As technical experts on engineering projects in banks and financial corporations

An engineer can set up his / her own small unit / company or consultancy

Abu Aly Alibhai Aziz, Dr., Missionary

Varas Amir Chand (1837-1911) sprang from a noble family of gupti Ismailis in Punjab. He was employed in a governmental department in Amritsar and retired in 1880. He inherited land from his forefathers, and became one of the most famous landlords in Punjab. In 1882, Imam Aga Ali Shah appointed him Kul Kamadia for Punjab, Frontiers and few regions near Afghanistan. He performed his duties with such marked distinction that during his first visit to Amritsar in 1897, Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah appointed him Mukhi on January 1, 1897 with a title of Varas for Punjab and Frontier province, including the regions lying on the borders of Afghanistan. He also travelled with the Imam in Sialkot between January 2, 1897 and January 11, 1897. Varas Amir Chand visited Bombay several times. His last visit took place in the middle of 1908 and gave valuable and informative statements twice in court during the Haji Bibi Case on July 28 and July 29, 1908. He is also credited to have converted a portion of the depressed class to Ismailism, as well as helping them financially to run their cottage industry.

In 1911, he died at the age of 74 years. Varas Amir Chand was also consigned to collect the tithe from village to village. His task pushed him to indulge in a daily meticulous procedure, which consisted of washing his hands and fingers. And one meritorious illustration, whose equal seems to have not yet came on record, was that he made a secret will to a certain person that after the ritual bath of his dead body, he must wash his hands and fingers at least thrice with soap, so that no smell emaning from the Imams coins remained before interment.

Varas Amir Chands son Bhagvandas mostly served the local jamat in Amritsar. His son Panalal was however much active, who kept the torch of service burning.

On January 20, 1914, the Imam summoned about eight prominent leaders of the gupti jamats of Punjab at his residence in Poona, in which Panalal, the father of Abu Aly was also included to discuss the revelation of the gupti Ismailis as Muslims in Punjab.

There was a minor group of Hindus in Kabul, headed by Bairam Diyal, who professed the Ismaili faith secretly. The local Ismailis in Afghanistan, however, knew them well and deposited their tithe to them, who in turn remitted it to the Imam in Iran, then in Bombay. In 1915, Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah sent a special message through Panalal, asking them to wear Muslim costumes and assume Islamic names. The Imams call created a salutary effect upon the people and Mukhi Fakir Chand in Kabul was the first one to apply the Imams recommendations. With the efforts of Panalal, the Ismailis in Kabul received a new lease of life and immersed themselves into Islamic traditions through Ismailism.

On November 18, 1916, the Imam commanded them once again to submit to their faith publicly and to abandon the Hindu customs by assuming Muslim names. On that juncture, the Imam gave new names to these eight leaders, including the names of their fathers and children. Abu Alys father, Panalal was named as Ali and his grandfather, Bhagvandas became known as Aziz. Alibhai Aziz also dedicated all of his time to serve the community. He was selected as a member of The Aga Khan Golden Jubilee Celebration Committee from Punjab, whose first meeting was held on October 12, 1935 in Aga Hall, Nesbit Road, Bombay.

Abu Aly, the son of Alibhai Aziz, the world-renowned senior missionary was born in Amritsar, India on August 21, 1919. His early education started at the age of 4 years at a Hindu private nursery school, conducted by a Brahmin pandit. He then attended a private Primary School located in the Government High School in Amritsar, and finally followed the science stream in Saint-Xavier College, Bombay. He also attended a Madressa to study the Koran and Hadith at the age of 7 years as an extra-curricular activity. He also studied architecture, agriculture and law, notably the Islamic jurisprudence.

His religious education started the moment he could sit in his grandfathers lap, the sage Kamadia Aziz Ali. In Bombay, he had the opportunity to expand his knowledge by interaction with missionaries, such as Pir Sabzali (1884-1938), who was his mentor from childhood, Chief Missionary Hussaini Pir Muhammad Asani (1878-1951), Ibrahim Jusab Varteji (1878-1953), Alibhai Nanji 893-1978), Sayed Muhammad Shah (d. 1945), Sayed Munir (1882-1957), Sayed Mustaq Ali Didar Ali and many others.

Due to his linguistic skills, he was called upon to serve in the civil and military censor office. Incidentally, W. Ivanow (1886-1970) recommended his name to handle the task of scanning the public mail. Thus, he had the privilege of having worked across the table with W. Ivanow for five years during the Second World War (1939-1945).

In 1938, Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah commanded him to join the Ismaili Mission at the Recreation Club Institute, Bombay, and within a short time, he acquired the necessary skills and attained great proficiency in mission field.

He played a key role in the arrangement of the Diamond Jubilee of the Imam in 1946 and participated in different committees. The Imam selected him to recite the ginan after the recitation of a Koranic verse by a Syrian Ismaili on March 10, 1946 in Bombay. The Imam graciously graced him with a special robe of honour and a golden turban.

The first Ismaili Mission Conference was held in the auditorium of the Aga Khan High School, Dar-es-Salaam to discuss the religious education and the training of the missionaries and teachers. The Imam inaugurated the Conference on July 20, 1945 and told the delegates that the Africans should no longer rely on missionaries from abroad, but produce its own manpower in their Mission Centre.

Soon after the Diamond Jubilee, the Imam ordered Abu Aly in Bombay to take over the charge of the Mission Centre as its Principal. He came to East Africa in July, 1946 and was destined to attend the Diamond Jubilee Celebration on August 10, 1946 in Dar-es-Salaam. According to the wish of the Imam, the Mission Centre was opened on May 10, 1947 at Dar-es-Salaam under the administration of the Ismailia Association for Africa, Mombasa. Alijah A.G. Abdul Hussain, the President of the Ismailia Provincial Council, Dar-es-Salaam, performed its inauguration ceremony. This Mission Centre took the standing of a college, producing several trained missionaries and religious teachers.

*)He was the President of the Muslim Association for Tanganyika for 3 years (1950-1953). When Tanganyika liberated on December 9, 1961, the Prime Minister Rashidi Kawawa invited the Muslim ulema and scholars to assist the government in including the Muslim law to the New Constitution of Tanganyika. One of them was Abu Aly in Dar-es-Salaam, known as Shaykh Abualy A. Aziz. He also exhorted Islamic education for two years (1962-63) in the course for Adults Programme under the University of Dar-es-Salaam.

The first Conference for reviewing the rites and ceremonies with the members of the Executive Council for Africa was held on January 10, 1964 in Mombasa at Count Fateh Ali Dhallas residence. Dewan Sir Eboo Pirbhai, Count Ghulam Hussain Ismail, Wazir Madatali Count Mulji Nazarali and Wazir Abdul Malek R. Kassim Lakha attended it. Missionary Abu Aly was also invited, including Missionary Ghulam Ali Shah, Alijah Ghulam Hussain Juma Haji, Jaffer Ali R. Budhwani and Noor Mohammad Rehmatullah. It was followed by another Conference on September 24, 1964.

During the gracious visit of Hazar Imam in India at the end of 1967, he was requested to deliver waez to the jamats, who were extremely touched by his words. The Mukhi and Kamadia of Darkhana jamat, Bombay sent their report to the Imam on December 27, 1967, to which he replied:

January 6th, 1968
My dear Mukhi and Kamadia:

I have received your letter of 27th December, and I give my most affectionate paternal maternal loving blessings to all my beloved spiritual children of the Bombay Darkhana Jamat.

I am very happy to hear that my jamats of Bombay and Suburbs took a keen interest in the waez given by Missionary Abooali in various Jamatkhanas.

Kindly convey my best paternal maternal loving blessings to Missionary Abooali for his devoted services during his visit to India.

You should find out from the Ismailia Association of Tanzania whether Missionary Abooali could tour to India every year for at least a month, if not two months, and then communicate the Associations answer to me.

He also attended the grand Waezeen Assembly in Bombay inaugurated on December 10, 1967, and presided by Itmadi Ghulam Ali S. Morani, the then President of the Ismailia Association for India. He delivered informative lectures and dealt with the question/answer session on December 16, 1967. The President prepared the report of the assembly and sent it to the Imam on January 10, 1968. The Imam replied as follows:

He also attended the grand Waezeen Assembly in Bombay inaugurated on December 10, 1967, and presided by Itmadi Ghulam Ali S. Morani, the then President of the Ismailia Association for India. He delivered informative lectures and dealt with the question/answer session on December 16, 1967. The President prepared the report of the assembly and sent it to the Imam on January 10, 1968. The Imam replied as follows: January 29th, 1968
My dear President:

I have received your letter of January 10th, and I have read your report with much interest.

I am happy to hear that the Waezeen Assembly held on the 10th December at the Dharkhana Jamatkhana was well attended by my spiritual children and I give my best loving blessings to all my beloved spiritual children who participated in the Waezeen Assembly.

I give my best paternal maternal loving blessings to the following missionaries for their devoted services to my India jamat:

Missionary Kassim Ali M.J.
Missionary Abooali
Missionary Noormohomed Rahimtullah
Missionary Noordin Amlani.

Missionary Abu Aly A. Aziz is a global itinerant and has travelled extensively. He visited Tajikistan in 1995, where 72 years before him, the famous Missionary Pir Sabzali (1884-1938) had set foot in 1923. There is perhaps not a single Jamatkhana in the world where he has not delivered a waez. Behind all his success is his personality, so attractive that he won the hearts of millions who have never even seen him, but have only known his incomparable services for the Imam and jamats. In his missionary framework, he is seen as a creative, courageous, and patient. He is ambitious, but does not let himself be blinded by his personal interest. He labours for his faith not for own sake. With his talent and invaluable services, he was blessed with the titles of Alijah, then Rai.

Missionary Abu Aly A. Aziz is a global itinerant and has travelled extensively. He visited Tajikistan in 1995, where 72 years before him, the famous Missionary Pir Sabzali (1884-1938) had set foot in 1923. There is perhaps not a single Jamatkhana in the world where he has not delivered a waez. Behind all his success is his personality, so attractive that he won the hearts of millions who have never even seen him, but have only known his incomparable services for the Imam and jamats. In his missionary framework, he is seen as a creative, courageous, and patient. He is ambitious, but does not let himself be blinded by his personal interest. He labours for his faith not for own sake. With his talent and invaluable services, he was blessed with the titles of , then .
He started his mission career at the age of 11 years. His life now bridges a long span of 83 years, in which more than ten thousand lectures, speeches, and deliveries are on record to his credit. Ever since the taperecorder appeared commercially at the beginning of 1950, his lectures and speeches have been preserved which are in tune of about 3000 audiocassettes, circulating around the world among the Ismaili jamats and to some extent among other communities.

He also uses his poetic skills to lyrically express in Urdu his ardent love for the Imam. He is gifted with a vivid intellect, with a conspicuous literary talent. Being a man of literary genius, he gained the opportunity to carry on his literary pursuits and became a frequent contributor to different periodicals. No less than a trenchant writer, he published 19 books and booklets and some more are forthcoming. He is well versed in English, Urdu, Persian, Arabic, Gujrati, Punjabi, Kutchhi, Hindi, and Swahili. His famous works are Jashan-i Golden Jubilee (Urdu, 1936), Radde Batil (Gujrati, 1947), Anant Akhado (Gujrati tr.1947), Zahoor-i Haq (Gujrati, 1948), Mazhab-i Ismailia (Gujrati, 1948), Religious Correspondence Course – three volumes (Gujrati, 1948), Divine Gems (English and Kiswahili, 1955), Fuhari Ya Islam (Kiswahili, 1956), Ismaili Dharmic Course (Gujrati, 1957), Christianity from its own Sources (English, 1961), Pork-Its Prohibition in Islam (English, 1961), Ghadir-i Khum (Gujrati, 1969), A Brief History of Ismailism (English, 1974), etc.

He is well versed in the literature of the ginans and steeped in the Ismaili philosophy and history. The most significant feature of his waez delivery is that he provides the materials to the jamat in accordance with the demand of the time and is so lucid that the listeners remain attentive for many hours. Those who have heard him on a platform are aware of the brilliance of his unmatched oratory.

After spending almost 40 years in East Africa, he now lives in Vancouver, Canada. His mission, which he has started at the age of eleven years, still continues. He also spends time replying to his many well-wishers letters.

Missionary Abu Aly believes that a man is never too old to learn. It is good news to know that he obtained his doctorate degree of Ph.D. on April 30, 2001 from the Senior University International, Wyoming, U.S.A. after studying for 29 months. His thesis, Miracles and Gnosis, described the life and work of Pir Satgur Nur in 200 pages.

It is through his own effort that he rose from a very humble position in life to the summit of greatness. May Mawlana Hazar Imam grant him a long life, health and courage to serve the world Ismaili community more and more till his last breath, Amen.

The History And Agriculture Of The Wolfberry

Wolfberry is the name given to the Chinese and European variety of the Goji berry. It actually goes by many other names and has more than 100 species. The Lyceum Barbarum Wolfberry is the most popular species of this plant. It is the best tasting one and is used for making Goji juice and for medicinal uses in Asia and India.

The Wolfberry is a shrub that can grow up to 10 feet with trailing vines spreading to up to 20 feet. In China it is cultivated in large plantations for commercial use. These commercial farms use conventional chemical methods to grow the Wolfberry and protect it from insect damage. The largest growing area is the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in Northern China. This is where they grow the Lyceum Barbarum Wolfberry. This species was originally taken from Tibet and the Himalayan region.

Other varieties of this plant can be found growing wild in various parts of the world including the UK. It is known as the Wolfberry and also has other names, like The Box Thorn Fruit and The Matrimony Vine Fruit. This plant grows wild in the cooler parts of Europe and Asia.

In Tibet and Inner Mongolia the Wolfberry is known as the Goji Berry. It is one of the protected medicinal plants in this area. Because of its use as a medicine plant the Wolfberry is grown organically there with no additional chemicals. The areas it grows in are labeled as “wild places” and are relatively untouched by urban development. An organization Co-op for the Goji farmers that ensures they get fair prices and help continue growing Wolfberry plants, was created in 1975. The Tanaduk Institute has also helped to protect the medicinal plants grown in this region. Several monasteries in India also grow medicinal plants including the Wolfberry. They are grown organically here and are sold on a limited basis.

The plants are quite easy to grow and can be started from seed. The seeds take around 7 days to germinate. The Wolfberry can also be cultivated from roots. It is resistant to drought and can withstand temperatures of -15 degrees Fahrenheit in winter and up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit in summer. The Wolfberry prefers light soil for optimum growth but will grow in any soil. Ideally the plant prefers full sunlight but will also grow in partial shade.

You can cultivate The Wolfberry in containers. If you do this, you need to hand pollinate the Wolfberry flowers, to get the fruit. The fruits are quite vulnerable to insect damage so you should take steps to protect the plants when they are producing fruit. The Wolfberry plants begin to bear fruit from the age of 1 year and will produce heavy crops when they are between 4 and 5 years old. They start to bloom in early summer and develop fruit in late summer. The Wolfberry will continue to bear fruit until the first severe frost. The best way to get the maximum health benefits from this plant is to try to grow it naturally without chemicals, herbicides or insecticides.