December 29, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
According to the tale, the woman lost to the King and wished to end her life by eating spoiled table grapes stored in a jar. The suicide attempt did not go as she planned; instead she got drunk and eventually passed out. When she woke up, she felt as if all her troubles had vanished and this event encouraged her to continue taking the spoiled grapes. So going by this pleasant story, one can say that wine is not an invention of man but was, rather found by chance.
The history of wine is as old as civilization, the agriculture and the man himself. Archeologists suggest that wine was discovered accidentally during 6000 and 5000 BC. in the Fertile Crescent area, an area in between the Nile and the Persian Gulf. Archeological evidence has uncovered the earliest European wine production from crushed grapes in Macedonia 6500 years ago.
From the time of discovery of wine to today, wine has played animportant role in many rituals and customs of modern society . In the ancient Egyptian period, wine became an integral part of life, mainly funerary ceremonies. Only the richest Egyptians like the Pharaohs were able to enjoy wine. Wine was also common in ancient Greece and Rome and in many other European countries.
The Egyptian Times
Though scientists have identified a wine jar from Hajji Firuz Tepe in the Northern Zagros Mountains of Iran, the widespread knowledge of wine cultivation is believed to have come from Egypt. The wine making method was represented on tomb walls dating back to 2600 BC. Maria Rosa, a master in Egyptology states that wine in ancient Egypt was of great importance and only the upper class people and kings had access to wine. Rosa further points out that the ancient Egyptians labeled the wine jars with product, year, growning area and the vine grower’s name, but there is no mention about the color of the wines. A recent discovery has shown that the wines in ancient Egypt were usually red.
The Ancient Greeks
Arrival of wine making process in ancient Greece is not well documented; many believe that wine manufacturing tradition was introduced to Crete by the Phoenician traders. Strong evidence of wine growing have also been collected from Minoan Mycenaean cultures.
Wine was a very important trading article in Greece business. The Greeks were able to set up their colonies throughout the Mediterranean and this in turn eased the export of Greek wines in the region. The Greeks learned how to prevent wines from rotting by adding different herbs and spices. Wine in ancient Greece was stirred in a glass before drinking.
Apart from trading, the Greeks used wine in the field of medicine. One of the well known medicine practitioners, Hippocrates, also known as the Father of Medicine studied wine extensively for its use in medicine, specially to reduce fever, convalescence and as an antiseptic. It must be mentioned here that the Greeks were equally aware about the negative health effects produced by the excessive drinking of wine.
The Romans
The Romans discovered the viticulture (cultivation and study of grape growing) and oenology (the science of wine and winemaking). In the Roman Empire, wine formed a important part of their daily meals as water could not always be trusted to be safe and clean. During this period, wine making technology became more established with a significant impact on the Roman business. The Romans developed barrels to store and ship wine, while bottles were used for the first time in the history of the wine world. The Romans are also known to have dissolved pearls in wine for their better health.
With the expansion of Roman Empire, wine production expanded to all of its provinces. During the Dark Ages when Roman Empire fell and when Europe passed through social and political unrest, wine production was kept alive by the efforts of religious monks. Churches are known to have developed some of the finest vineyards in Europe.
Ancient China and Wine
Although wine was not much of a favorite of the ancient asian people, its production and consumption was popular in three different periods, mainly the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. In China rice wine was not as popular as the grape wine.
Wine in the Middle Ages and Modern Life
Wine became popular in the Middle Ages, it was considered as a social drink for all occasions. In the northern regions of the Europe where no grapes were grown, beer and ale were dominant and in the Eastern part Vodka made from potatoes was the preferred drink.
America, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand that manufacture wide varieties of wines are considered as the New World Wine Producers. The products of these countries were not well known to the wine drinkers until late in the 20th Century.
The industrial revolution in the 20th century has provided wine growers with new technology and innovation that has made production much more efficient. Considerable R&D advances in viticulture and oenology have helped the modern manufacturers to produce more varieties of wines of much lower cost.
December 29, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
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Elets – A platform for disseminating creative ideas on ICT
Elets Technomedia is a technology media and research company that focuses on ICT in government, education, healthcare, agriculture and rural development sectors. Our mandate is to provide effective information on latest development in different ICT tools, techniques and their applications across our verticals through premier print publications, online portals and premier events, seminars, conferences and summits. Elets has created a name for itself as a technology media and research vendor of choice.
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To strengthen and facilitate knowledge sharing platforms engaging with partners across the globe through International conferences to provide cross-cultural grounding to stakeholders and participants To provide stakeholders with a platform to share models of best practice, knowledge and experience on a range of issues in the domain of ICT in Governance, Education, Health, security, Urban and Rural Development To mobilise the communities towards creating a digitally informed knowledge society based on shared understanding
Elets Focus Areas
Elets provides an unmatched versatility for working with multiple partners and consultants to mutually share knowledge. With a vision to provide effective information on latest development in different ICT tools, techniques and their applications across various verticals with focused reference to governance, education and health, we
a) bring niche monthly publications;
b) provide knowledge exchange fora and
c) conduct research projects, primarily through Events & Conferences
December 28, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
Writing an agriculture resume needs the same kind of planning we do before going to any place for spending our holidays. For this, we do lots of research in finding an ideal and suitable place that offers a decent return within our budget. Connect this practice with the job application process to get yourself informed about the company you are interested. This step is essential to find the work culture, products, services and clients of the company. You may even have to answer questions based on this at the interview if selected. Once, you are ready with details, start writing the agriculture resume.
However, to start with writing process, there are few proper guidelines you should follow in order to target the employers’ needs.
Proper Guidelines for Agriculture Resume
After the research work, first point to consider while drafting the agriculture resume is to compile information for describing your skills, relevant education, work experience and achievements pertaining to the agriculture field. Type your complete name, residential address, contact numbers and email address at the beginning.
Focus on any one particular position matching your profile, rather than simply stating ‘application for any suitable position.’ Do not give employers some work to find out which position suits you. Under no circumstances, they will comply with your request. Instead, be confident and mention the job you are seeking in the objective statement. State what you are aiming for, and relate it with your skills, knowledge and experience by highlighting the employers’ benefit. This will work as a bait and make them read your resume completely.
Since each job in the agriculture field requires special skills and talent, list them under the “Professional Skills” section. Describe the abilities that have resulted from the experience and training you have obtained. Be specific, and include genuine information. List the proficiencies that are needed in the job. Never touch on those things you are unaware of. You will have to eat your words if you are not able to prove it during the interview round.
Most likely, the employers would like to know about the companies you have worked in. So, in the job history section, address the company, and give a brief introduction. The description should answer the following questions: What do the company does, and what are their products they deal in? How long they are in existence? Is it state, multi-national, private, public or sister-concern of an entity? Just addressing three to four questions are more than enough to introduce the company. After that, list the activities you were responsible for. Start with the primary duties and then wrap up with the secondary ones. It should appear in bullet points so that the readers can understand it easily.
Describe training and education after the job history. If you have completed your master’s degree, list it first. The bachelor’s degree should appear last. Simply put, the current qualification should appear first.
Before typing, refer to resume samples from the agriculture field. Copy a standard resume format and paste it in the word processing application to work on it. With these guidelines for agriculture resume, you would help yourself in drafting an effective resume.
December 27, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
The Communist Manifesto calls for the overthrow of capitalism, and the establishment of socialism.
It has four sections.
In the first section, it discusses the historical materialist view of history and the relationship between workers and capitalists. Marx makes the point that the driving force of history is class struggle.
The second section explains the relationship between Communists and other workers. Communists do not stand apart from other workers, but are made up of the most advanced political sections of the working class.
The third section addresses looks at previous utopian socialist theories, and shows how they are different from scientific socialism.
The final section discusses the relationship between the Communist parties, and other parties.
The manifesto also contains a list of reforms
1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes.
2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.
3. Abolition of all right of inheritance.
4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.
5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the State, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly.
6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State.
7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into cultivation of waste-lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.
8. Equal liability of all to labour. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.
9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country, by a more equal distribution of the population over the country.
10. Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children’s factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production.
December 26, 2015 / como / 0 Comments
The Department of Home Affairs in South Africa that issues work permits, business permits, spousal and life partner permits, relatives permits and retired permits has just announced a new permit quota list.
This is designed to reflect the skills requirements that may be filled by immigrants desiring to relocate in South Africa.
Business permit allocation
South Africa has long realised the charge to safeguard that industry and commerce has a connection to the required skills in demand, more than ever with the extensive investment taking place for the 2010 world cup.
While South Africa has a first class education system and developed labor force, it is recognised that in a few avocations there is a talent shortage. To aid the migration process under the business permit category Home Affairs regularly reviews what qualifications are in short supply and publishes a quota work permit list. This requirements document allows immigrants to apply for a quota work permit which means the potential immigrant can consider a work permit before receiving an offer of employment, in essence simplifying the overall immigration application process.
Which talent are in demand?
After much deliberation between the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and feedback from the major South African companies, Home Affairs published the most up to date directory of limited occupations this year. Potential immigrants seeking employment in these occupations can apply for permits enabling them to reside and work in South Africa.
Considering the reality of economic growth in South Africa Home Affairs prioritises technical and engineering professions. In fact any Industrial engineer qualifies automatically, but it remains well worth a look at the employees in demand in some detail.
Due to public and private investments in core projects foreigners with a background in the construction industry are most sought after. Included in the quota jobs are Civil engineering technicians, CAD technicians, Draftsperson, Structural Engineers, Civil Engineers and technologists. In the manufacturing industries Home Affairs offers quotas for occupations such as Mechanical Engineers, Quality Engineers and Inspectors, Pipeline Engineers, Refrigeration Engineer, Manufacturing Technicians, Mechanical Draughtsperson and Technicians, Hydraulics and Pneumatics Technicians. In the aviation industry immigrants with backgrounds such as Aeronautical Engineers, Avionics Engineers and Aircraft Maintenance Engineers are invited to apply for the quota work permit. In the electronics sector, South Africa requires employees that are experienced as Electrical and Mechatronics Technicians, Electronic Engineers, Electronics Technicians, Autotronics and Electromechanical Technicians. Recently Home Affairs also included some craftsman that can apply for immigration such as precision metal workers, fitters and turners, toolmakers, boilermakers, coded welders and millwrights.
In other areas Home Affairs has recognised the importance of BPO for economic stability and has included Call Centre and Contact Centre Managers under the quota system. In the information and organisation professionals notably jobs for actuaries, risk assessors, statisticians, and economists are accessible for quota professions.
The mining sector is of value to the South African economy. This is reflected by the fact that Home Affairs offers immigrants in the professions Earth Science Technicians, Mining Engineering, Geologists and Geophysicists the ability to get residence and work permits.
Other industrial professionals covered are agriculture and forestry, biotechnology, pharmacology, astronomy, the chemical industry and food technology. Finally South Africa appears to be suffering from a skills shortage in Jewellery Makers and Maths and Science Teachers.
It is important to note that Home Affairs will investigate if the proposed immigrant has the right skills as well as five years of relevant work experience before granting the quota work permit for South Africa.